South Africa’s Deputy President, His Excellency, Mr Cyril Ramaphosa, lauded the South African Book Development Council (SABDC) for their efforts in developing a reading nation through their considered positioning of the South African Book Fair this year.

“We are hoping that out of this Book Fair we will be able to improve the reading culture in our country,” he said whilst attending the Fair in Johannesburg in September.

“If we want to develop our children to be active participants in economic growth – we must encourage children as young as 6 years old to read,” he added, emphasizing the importance of reading as both a lifestyle and family exercise.

It was a coup d’etat for the SABDC that the Deputy President attended the Fair and took the time to walk through the entire exhibition at Museum Africa, stopping to chat to both new and established publishing houses, booksellers, writers and practitioners.

“The industry has been undervalued for too long. It has a critical role to play in the development and economic transformation of South Africa. Government and industry alike share in this lack of perception of value. In making ourselves visible and engaging with all South Africans, we are able to change the narrative of our industry and how it relates to government and South Africa,” says Elitha van der Sandt, CEO of the SABDC.

The 2017 Fair was opened by the Deputy Minister of Arts and Culture, Hon. Ms. Makhotso Sotyu and guest of honour Prof. Zakes Mda, who set the tone for a revolutionary sentiment to resonate throughout the duration of the event. Both were unequivocal in their support for the development of African publishing, particularly in relation to the importance of writing in indigenous languages.

Representing industry bodies such as the Publishing and Bookselling Associations of South Africa, it is the Council’s mandate to increase access to books, both in terms of creating a reading culture, and in effect contributing to a more diverse and representative industry. It furthermore aims to ensure that the book sector is a national priority.

“The Council’s point of departure in the envisioning of SABF 2017 was the belief that the book industry remains rather sharply disconnected from a large part of the South African population. Concurrent with that belief was its finding, reached through its research, that South Africans, including government, were unfortunately not very embracing of the industry. It is fair to say that perceptions of the book industry in South Africa are neutral at best and downright negative at times,” says van der Sandt,.

“For the new model of the SABF to be successful and to thrive in years to come, changing these perceptions has been treated as paramount by the SABDC. The Fair’s implementation, therefore, was based on this revised vision; and the choice of every element including location, venues, themes, creative design and marketing, authors, speakers and programmes linked back to it.”

The creative elements of the Fair were very strong. The goal was to create a modern aesthetic that went well beyond gimmick and elevated African design as both an art form and a conduit for expression. The designs were vibrant and bold. Each participating author had their portrait illustrated in bright colours. They were quite simply, beautiful and served a unifying purpose for the participants.

The SABF’s literary programme was filled with new and vibrant voices from the continent. Of the 116 Authors that took part in 72 literary sessions, 70% were black. The audience was 80% black. The dialogues were insightful, philosophical and based squarely in the African narrative.

The diverse audience had access to 76 exhibitors at the Fair including new and established publishing houses, a research lane with the university presses present, new and established booksellers.

“The exhibition is the only opportunity industry has to present itself to the country, and the chief event for people to get to know and learn about books and the industry that produces them. This is key to the book industry’s positive engagement and interaction with the country at large. The 2017 exhibition was critical in giving the Deputy President and other visiting politicians a sense of the industry,” says van der Sandt.

As the organisers work hard towards increasing the engagement with government and new audiences, the SABDC encourages the industry to use the opportunities in terms of showcasing what they are doing and how they are moving to diversity in terms of representation and product.

The fair is a unique opportunity to share industry challenges with government, where open debate can take place around lack of movement on a book policy, why indigenous language publishing is an unfunded mandate, and how the book serves our society and country.

“We need to discuss what transformation in the book sector actually means, what government requires from the industry, what the public deem appropriate and what industry is offering? These are difficult conversations, but the SABF is the place to discuss our collective action for a book industry that meets the needs of a diverse South Africa. says van der Sandt.
A key thread in the implementation of the SABF, is increasing opportunity and access to mainstream industry for SMMEs and entrepreneurs. The SABDC, in association with the Publishers’ Association of South Africa (PASA) and the Fibre Processing & Manufacturing Seta (FP&M Seta), introduced an Enterprise Development Programme (EDP) through very welcome exhibitor subsidies. The FP& M Seta is the main funder of the SABF.
“The FP&M SETA is proud to be involved with the South African Book Fair and in the facilitation of the Enterprise Development Programme. We are committed to uplifting SMMEs in the publishing sector in order to grow small businesses and ensure the sustainability of their businesses for the future. This programme will open up a host of opportunities for job creation, expose small, local businesses to international opportunities and represent South African publishing on a global scale.” Says the CEO of the FP&M Seta, Felleng Yende, about the Seta’s involvement in the Fair.
Sixty-five SMME`s and entrepreneurs were given an opportunity to exhibit and participate at the SABF. Included were publishers, new writers, illustrators, booksellers and an experienced cadre of indigenous language editors. These exhibitors were drawn from all provinces.
The numbers are always important and the SABDC reports that an estimated 3 000 visitors attended the Fair. Although this was a smaller number than the SABDC would have liked, the successful reaching to and incorporation into the Fair of a more representative and new audience offset the limited number of visitors. The audience engaging with SABF 2017 was predominantly black and also younger than has been the norm.

The repositioned Fair aims to connect with South African’s from every demographic and will continue to engage with the industry bodies and businesses in the lead up to the 2018 Fair which will take place again in Newtown from 7-9 September.

In 2016 the SABDC set out to revisit the concept and relevance of a national book fair in South Africa. It acknowledged more traditional views of what such a fair should be, while at the same time starting on a new journey  that of responding to mounting calls for a more reflective and representative showcase of South African (and African) literature and culture. As part of this journey, the SABDC also committed to creating greater access to the event for all South Africans; and dedicated itself to engaging audiences who ordinarily do not form part of mainstream book-industry events.

This trajectory will continue in 2018.

“We believe that the Fair was extremely successful in charting a new course for the South African book industry. It was successful in laying the strategic foundation for an inclusive, mainstream event that in all respects mirrors South Africa and Africa. The SABDC will build on this strategic foundation moving forward, through continuous engagement with mainstream industry and with the rest of the country, in order to craft a national book fair that everyone is proud of. We envision the industry, government and people from all walks of life embracing the concept and reality of a book-producing sector that embodies and brings diverse voices to all citizens through the medium of the book,” concludes Nikki Crowster, Chairperson of the SABF Steering Committee, SABDC Member and the President Elect for Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA).

Parents and teachers had until Friday 10 November 17 to comment on the draft Basic Education Laws Amendment (BELA) Bill which proposes to take away powers from School Governing Bodies (SGBs) and choice from home schooling families.
The Draft Basic Education Laws Amendment Bill was published in Government Gazette 41178. The proposed legislation aims to amend the South African Schools Act (SASA) and the Employment of Educators Act (EEA) in order to align them with developments in the education sector.
The draft bill also intends ensuring that systems of learning and excellence in education are put in place in a way that “respects, protects, promotes and fulfils the right to basic education” as enshrined in the constitution.
Cabinet approved the draft bill at the end of August 2017.
In the cabinet statement, the draft bill was described as “the outcome of the review of all basic education legislation with a view to enhancing organisational efficiency so as to improve school governance, leadership and accountability, transforming education services, and protecting vulnerable groups to ensure the well-being of learners.”
Sabinet sums it up like this: “The draft bill also seeks to amend the SASA in order to make it an offence for people to disrupt or interrupt any school activity or to hinder or obstruct any school in the performance of the school’s activities, provide the head of department with the final authority to admit a learner to a public school, provide for a governing body to submit the language policy of a public school to the head of department for approval, empower the basic education minister to appoint outside agencies or persons to advise the minister on matters relating to a national curriculum statement and a national process and procedures for the assessment of learner achievement, provide that a school’s code of conduct must take into account the diverse cultural beliefs and religious observances of the learners at the school, provide for the prohibition of liquor and prohibited substances on school premises, limit the powers of a governing body in regard to recommending candidates for appointment and provide for dispute resolution mechanisms in the event of any dispute between the head of department and a governing body.”
“Amendments are proposed to the EEA to, inter alia, provide for a limitation on the post levels for which the governing body may recommend candidates to the head of department, prohibit teachers from conducting business with the state, require teachers to disclose their financial interests to the head of department and extend the powers of the minister to make regulations on norms and standards for district staffing.”
Having had only eight days in which to work, Front National South Africa submitted a letter of objection against the proposed Amendment to the Schools Act, to the office of the Director General of Education on the 10th of November with 63 945 signatories on its petition on gopetition.
“We wish to object to this amendment as we are concerned about the extend to which it will take powers away from School Governing Bodies in terms of the appointment of educators, the determination of admission policies and the language of instruction in schools. Taken into account that such an amendment would put an immense financial burden of management on the Dept of Basic Education, we are further concerned that the Minister will be forced to recoup these expenses in ways that will inevitably impact negatively on the delivery of already strained quality education and on the already expensive upkeep and maintenance of facilities,” states their objection.
“The right of parents and communities to elect representatives to have an input in the education of children from the diversity of communities, cultures and ethnicities of our nation is a constitutional right and should not be impaired in any way whatsoever.”
“We therefore wish to emphasize that the proposed legislation, including the stipulations regarding the regulation of private tuition and home schooling, is not acceptable to the signatories of this document and we call on the department to withdraw the proposed amendment immediately.”
BELA is the most radical change in education law since the 1996 Schools Act, and could have far reaching effects.
The amendments to the bill would “increase your tax, raise school fees and increase costs and administration of home educating. Depending on provincial education policy, weakened financial viability of quality fee-paying public schools may lead to an exodus, retrenchment of teachers and thus loss of quality. Six hundred thousand school staff as well as their spouses & partners would have their privacy invaded by having to disclose their financial and ‘in kind’ interests. The state could over-rule governing bodies language policy, especially threatening the remaining 1 out of 20 single-medium Afrikaans schools. It would be more difficult for schools to rent facilities to churches and independent schools. This and loss of teacher appointment powers to SGBs would indirectly impact religion. Implementation powers are in the hands of provinces, likely making education a key issue in provincial elections and educational refugees moving province. The consultation process seems unequal, with some stakeholders consulted early and the rest have an unreasonable deadline. BELA is the most radical change in education law since the 1996 Schools Act, and would put education back in the control of the state, as it was in the apartheid era,” says Philip Rosenthal on Biznews.com

https://www.gopetition.com/petitions/petition-against-proposed-amendment-of-schools-act.html
http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/basic-education-laws-amendment-bill-published-comment
http://www.sabinetlaw.co.za/education/articles/draft-basic-education-laws-amendment-bill-released-comment

As a Frankfurt BookFair Business Club 2017 Ambassador I had the opportunity to work with the Fair organisers on creating unique experiences for some important visitors in Frankfurt this year. I was the only African representative.

In the Business Club, I found many of the discussions applicable as learning experiences for the South African Book industry.

Kallimat’s Approach to international business, for example, is interesting. Kalimat has come up with an ingenious way to get their best Arabic literature translated into many other languages and disseminated across many other territories. The key is a partnership format in which Kalimat exchanges titles for translation with other major global publishers. This process guarantees not only translations but also sales – every publishing house uses its own channels to promote work from the UAE in its own market, and Kalimat in turn then sells that publisher’s books in the Arab world.

Kallimat has created partnerships with big foreign publishers like Bloomsbury and others to license popular characters and rights to localise content. This not only creates new industries and fields of work for employment but is a soft diplomacy when our children can understand each other beyond the barriers of language.

A round table with His Excellency, Nigeria’s Ambassador Yusuf Tuggar was full of debate as the German representatives were quite insistent that translations were important where as student delegates felt that translations change the messages authors wish to convey.

The Ambassador proposed a middle ground that would draw more German investment to Nigeria by means of inter-cultural exchanges and pointed out that the marketing had to go beyond foreign-educated African writers publishing abroad. Dr Nnedi Okorafor, the Science Fiction writer was used as an example of how authors are marketed at the Book Fair in German translation

France was the guest of honor, which saw Merkl and Macron open the Fair with thoughts on books as a uniting factor in the world, which is always a promising thought.

It was apparent that Brazil and Latin America are primed for major growth in the book industry. I hung out with the Brazillians after hours and at the annual BookWIRE digital awards night. Colorful caipirinhas at the Brazil stand are now a firm fixture after a long day of negotiating with Publishers.

The weather got better during the week and Saturday was glorious sunshine and light bringing all the school children dressed up as their favourite book characters in some extreme costume play. Dan Brown gave a private reading on the Saturday evening that was very well attended.

Functioning almost as a show-within-a-show, the second annual The Arts+ program at Frankfurt focused, in particular, on robotics and virtual reality within the creative industries.
In addition to 54 exhibitors in The Arts+ area, some 120 speakers from nearly 20 nations were heard on two stages. Their topics addressed aspects of cultural and technological connection, correlation, and sometimes collision.

There were some really interesting interpretations of what happens when you combine big data, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in book related applications.

Facial recognition software attached to cameras in bookshop windows can for example allow a bookseller insight to customers as they approach their bookstore. Using big data, software can tell certain characteristics about the Customer in order for the bookseller to better serve them. It has a pretty good guestimate of demographic segmentation and then determines likely purchasing behaviour. When I stood in front of it, it got my age right and what kind of mood/disposition I was likely to be in.

In academic applications, VR can be used for a myriad lessons from showing the interior of the Egyptian tombs to giving students insight to the human vascular system from a blood cell’s point of view. It is incredibly illustrative. Some difficult mathematical models, three dimensional designing problems and physics challenges can be more clearly defined as concepts that one can see and “touch” which vastly improves the learning outcomes and potential for further enquiry and research.

Augmented reality can be used to show the hidden stories of the world around us with real-time information on the significance of perhaps historical buildings around us.

Other things we need to watch out for: “Social is real. Mobile is real. Millennials are real. These things have an effect on each other, they accelerate each other. So that leads to this exponential disruption” of a market. Doing nothing is not an option. It was an option a few years ago. Before the iPhone, it was a super-valid option to just wait on mobile. ‘Let’s see if people read on mobile phones. Do they download apps?’ Now, waiting is not an option. So look at startups. Learn from them, from their concepts of most viable product (MVP) and speed to market. Start with exponential change,” Maks Giordano told Publishing Perspectives after the Fair. “And then respond. With hyperinnovation.”

By Melvin Kaabwe

https://publishingperspectives.com/2017/10/maks-giordano-the-arts-book-marketing-hyperinnovation/

In a Moneyweb article dated 31 October 2017, Hilton Tarrant suggests “When Tasha’s reports a decline in sales, you know there’s a problem”. Based on Famous Brands’ financial results to 31 August, he suggests that South Africa’s upper middle class are under more pressure than we think. Tasha’s, Turn ‘n Tender, Mythos, Vovo Telo, Europa and other brands in the company’s “Signature” portfolio have all reported negative results. Added to this, Woolworths reported a 0,9% decline in its general and clothing sector. Although same-store sales in its food sector grew by 4,6%, this translates to a 3,8% decline if inflation is taken into account. Shopping malls are visibly quieter. For instance, the Woolworths food queue in Brooklyn Mall used to be 10 minutes long on any given Saturday: on month-end Saturday this September, one could whiz right through to till-point.
Of even greater concern is the sudden decline in private education spend. Tarrant, in the same article, reports declining enrolment numbers at both ADvTECH and Curro, partly due to financial pressure, and partly due to a rapid increase in families emigrating.
Considering that books are still seen as luxury items in most households, all this paints a gloomy picture for the general trade, which duly reflects in the numbers: according to SAPnet, the South African general book trade saw a decline of 3,9% in value in 2017 to date, with 7% fewer books sold. The decline spanned across all categories (adult, children’s, fiction and non-fiction).
South African books had a torrid time in the year up to September. Unit sales fell by 17%, with the average selling price shooting up by 8% from R137 to R148. In contrast, books published in the UK, which make up the majority of books sold SA, held steady on price and units. Publishers cite increased printing costs as the main reason for the steep price increases.
On the positive side, green shoots were starting to appear on the horizon at the time of writing this report. Jacques Pauw’s strictly embargoed book, The President’s Keepers, hit shelves on Sunday the 29th of October, promptly shooting to the no. 1 slot on Nielsen’s bestseller list and into immediate reprint. DA leader, Mmusi Maimane, waved the book at Jacob Zuma in a historical moment in parliament on the 2nd of November, asking him to table his declaration of interests since 2009. Pauw alleges in the book that Mr. Zuma was on the payroll of a security company owned by ANC benefactor Roy Moodley. Together with Redi Thlabi’s explosive book Khwezi, which released at the end of September, Pauw’s book might just have an effect on the political landscape, while at the same time resurrecting a struggling local book market. The launch of Thlabi’s book at Exclusive Books Hyde Park was attended by more than 500 people: a record of sorts for in-store launches in South Africa.
( Insert pic)
Launch of Redi Thlabi’s book, Khwezi, at Exclusive Books Hyde Park on 27 September 2017
General booksellers enter the festive season in trepidation of what Black Friday and the ANC conference might mean for book sales, yet buoyed by the hope that books can still change the world. Benjamin Trisk, CEO of Exclusive Books, stated the following in an internal letter to staff at the end of October:
“October trading was just about the best monthly result we have had this year. There was
a feeling in September that we might be emerging from extremely tight monetary conditions and
October has given us another sense that this might be so. However, we should not think that we
have reached the end of an extremely difficult economic time. Our country suffers when viewed
against every economic matrix you can imagine.”

By Olinka Nell

* All statistics courtesy SAPnet

Will the goal of updating the law for the Internet Age sacrifice creative industry instead?
In December it will be 20 years since South Africa signed international copyright treaties to bring its copyright laws into the digital age. South Africa has still not ratified these treaties and the Copyright Act has not been amended to apply to the Internet environment, resulting in uncertainty for creative industry and consumers alike.
The Copyright Amendment Bill, introduced in May 2017, has the object of addressing this deficiency, but is so poorly drafted and introduces so many other egregious provisions, that it has led to more questions than answers, as well as vociferous debate.
The Bill was preceded by the findings of the Copyright Review Commission which mainly dealt with the application of copyright in the music industry. However, the Government did not carry out any serious study to support many provisions of the Bill, especially new exceptions to copyright that it proposes to introduce, and an independent impact study promised by Government in 2015 never materialised.
In Parliamentary hearings in August this year, the Publishers Association of South Africa (PASA) presented an economic impact assessment by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) that they had commissioned, showing the detrimental impact that the proposed “fair use” exception and very broad exceptions for education would have on the publishing industry.
The impact assessment found that the proposed amendments would result in declining revenue from sales of educational publications, a sharp reduction in licensing income via collective management organisations and an erosion of the incentive for the creation of educational works, specifically:
• Weighted average decline in sales of 33% – implies a decrease in sales revenue of approx. R2.1 billion on the baseline, concomitant reductions in GDP, and VAT and corporate tax revenue collections.
• Decline in revenue.
• Reduction in licensing income via collective management.
• Imports to increase as a proportion of sales in the domestic market.
• Exports to decrease as a proportion of total sales.
• Weighted decline in employment of 30%, associated reductions in personal tax collections, equating to around 1 250 full-time equivalent jobs.
PASA pointed out that these findings are largely consistent with a review of available literature on the impact of copyright reforms in Canada and the potential impact of similar reforms once contemplated in the UK.
The 2012 Copyright Modernization Act in Canada has negatively impacted Canadian educational publishers in particular. “The royalties that have traditionally come from our Canadian sister organizations have fallen like a stone since the 2012 Copyright Modernization Act,” said Copyright Clearance Center’s Michael Healy, speaking on a panel at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October. But “what has become the norm in Canada,” Healy added, has for some reason become “an exemplar” for other governments around the world. The takeaway seems to be that when it comes to educational use “copy as much as you like, and to hell with the creator.”
Of importance to the South African case is the comment that the addition of “education” as a purpose for fair dealing in the Canadian legislation has meant that both the school and higher education sectors in Canada now claim – for free – the same copies for which they had previously paid license fees.
PASA’s submission to Parliament highlighted specific issues with the Bill:
Fair use: Introduction of ‘fair use’ defence to copyright infringement, which is based on a statutory defence to copyright infringement under the laws in the United States, but admitting more permitted use cases than in the United States (including “education”, “underserved populations”, “public administration”).
User rights – A new right by a “user, performer, owner, producer or author” to claim a royalty for the “use” of the copyright work, which not only runs contrary to the objects of copyright, but does not exist anywhere else in the world.
Parallel importation: Reversal of recognised rules relating to parallel importation, that will undermine the local publishing industry.
Moral rights: Provisions that are held out to be improvements to authors’ moral rights, instead take rights away from authors, specifically in the application of exceptions to copyright.
Limitation on assignments: A limitation on all transfers of copyright to a period of 25 years.
Contract override: A blanket override of all contractual terms by the provisions of the Act, interfering with the freedom to contract and creating uncertainty in every agreement involving copyright works.
PASA’s submission also highlights the changed focus of the Bill from the original directive, which was to benefit the position of authors and performers, to a more “users’ rights” agenda and State control over copyright works.
Following the public hearings in August, Parliament came to the conclusion that the Bill had so many shortcomings, it decided not to return the Bill to Government, but to rewrite it itself. A task team has been established with a directive to have an alternative Bill ready to present to the General Assembly in early 2018, subject to a fresh round of public hearings.
Professional Editors Network (PEN) South Africa is convinced that many of the changes envisioned by the Bill will have a direct and detrimental impact on its members, and indeed all South African authors.
“By granting a set of exclusive rights, copyright incentivises authors and the larger creative industries to expend their skills, talent and labour in the creation of works for the ultimate benefit of all. Copyright enables authors to earn income from their creative work. The introduction of wide-ranging exceptions and limitations would discourage authors from writing books and publishers from taking the financial risk to publish those books, as it would create a climate within which freely copying copyright works for a wide range of purposes is permitted. Other points of objection are the proposed weakening of moral rights protection and the appropriation of state-funded copyright works by the state.”
Lazarus Serobe, who represents the rights of writers and publishers at DALRO, also suggests that the Copyright Amendment Bill places too much emphasis on giving free access to creative works, and not enough on the benefit to creators of those works.
However, there are some copyright scholars who disagree. The Daily Maverick quoted Dr Tobias Schonwetter, from the University of Cape Town, as saying that “fair use” has flexibility on its side and is in line with international best practice.
The Daily Maverick also quoted US copyright academic Professor Sean Flynn at the public hearings in August, who argued that the notion of “fair use” in the Bill should be extended even further in order to cover the digital realm.
Flynn pointed out that it is only because of the US’s accommodating copyright legislation that companies like Google have been able to thrive. Google’s search function and language applications both use copies of copyrighted work. The Google Books function takes it even further, with Google having digitised the books of university libraries in order to make them available for research purposes. This does not substitute for purchasing the book on the market, Flynn argued, because only portions of the books are made available.
“When you introduce fair use you will be giving a green light for innovators,” Flynn told the committee.
PASA Copyright Legal Counsel, André Myburgh, strongly disagrees with this sentiment in a piece written for the Business Day after the hearings.
“We hear about internet search engines and other technological applications, all of which use machines to “read” millions of works with the purpose, it is said, “to expand our knowledge and improve our lives”. This description does not cover the Google Books Project, which started with Google making digitised reproductions of entire book collections of participating libraries and keeping a copy for purposes held by the US courts to constitute “fair use”, namely the making available on the internet of bibliographical data and so-called “snippets”.
“The concern publishers have with this result, which was raised by the Publishers Association of SA at the hearings, was that this case and others are causing US “fair use” law to become — in the words of Jon Baumgarten, former general counsel of the US Copyright Office — “a legal regime that permits regular, concerted, systematic, commercially purposed, 100% complete and uncompensated copying without permission, day in day out, of millions of copyrighted books”.
“The digitisation exercises must have left Google with the world’s biggest library, without having bought a single book.”
Mpuka Radinku, PASA executive director and Copyright Alliance member, told Fin 24 that the association welcomes one of the main goals of the Bill, namely to bring the Copyright Act of 1978 up to date with the Internet age.

“PASA supports the principles of access to copyright works if permission is obtained where required by international treaties and practice,” said Radinku.

“PASA, nevertheless, suggests that many of the provisions in the Bill will need to be re-evaluated, reconceptualised and rewritten. We strongly feel that new rules allowing the state to assume ownership of copyright works made with state funding and the across-the-board overriding of contractual terms should be rejected.”
In PASA’s view, the Bill must do more to improve the protection of authors and publishers in the internet age.
“Whereas publishers recognise that exceptions to copyright are part of the copyright landscape, we contend that, as the PwC report shows, overly broad exceptions are to the prejudice of authors and publishers and interfere with their legitimate expectations to earn from their work,” said Radinku.

Thanks to Andre Myburgh for his expert and editorial input.

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ShowResults.jsp?lang=en&treaty_id=16
http://www.publishsa.co.za/file/1501662149slp-pwcreportonthecopyrightbill2017.pdf
https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-08-02-copyright-amendment-bill-in-parliament-whose-right-is-it-anyway/#.Wfrj7YZx1E4
https://www.fin24.com/Economy/new-copyright-bill-may-negatively-impact-publishers-pasa-20170802-2
https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2017-08-24-reassurances-about-fair-use-benefits-ring-hollow-to-publishers/
https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2017-08-24-reassurances-about-fair-use-benefits-ring-hollow-to-publishers/